experimental inventing by Vladimir Mikael
Reversible Hydro Power Plants
Optimizing existing reversible power plants to significantly magnify the power
This is a draft of conceptual project of a huge potential and practical value, because of following benefits:
How to extend the existing reversible power plant in order to boost up the available energy to unpredictable value. The boost factor could amounts over 120 folds such as described in an example, but it could be much, much higher, in the matter of fact as high as needed.
Abstract
We could generate an electrical power as far as we need, optimizing already existing power plants which are suitable for optimization, which would consists of implementing the natural laws on each system which mismatches the harmony with nature. Nowadays, there are numerous of such a systems installed all over the world, which could and have to be optimized. Furthermore, it is our obligation, as conscious human beings, to return the lost balance to the nature, thus to our planet, home and Mother Earth. Therefore, some of existing systems which are capable to be justified in a short time, we could easily convert into high-efficiently systems, while the others are going to be replaced with much better systems in order to improve a harmony with an universe, and collect a huge funds simultaneously, based on reducing a waste as result of optimization.
Nowadays, widely used reversible hydroelectric power plants, use only one water way, along the need for changing a water stream direction on purpose, pumping water back to improve the water head during the time period of abundant of energy. When a water mass reduces, during a dry season, it would be possible for some short period of time to extend the production of energy due to accumulated water mass. Furthermore, the water stream mostly drives only one power generator, which is optionally also used as a water pump. This could be optimized involving additional environmental energy in system, to get sufficient generated energy, in order to establish a closed water cycling loop.
Optimizing existing reversible hydro-power plants
All existing reversible power plants could be in a very simple way, with a pretty small investment, converted into a very efficient power plants, upgrading the water stream loop back, in order to achieve closed loop of water streaming, using an separate water pump in order to provide a constant water circulation along of the both up and down streams. Along the lower part of downstream, the numerous of turbines could be installed in cascade, accordingly to a water head. All turbines in cascade, which are drained with the same water stream, are connected each on its own generator. These generators have not to be installed all at once, but rather the capacity of the power plant may be extended on need. If we would extend existing reversible power plant, implementing additional downstream using appropriate pipe, we just have to implement the outlets for turbines planned for future extensions.
Let us look at one existing example, as for instance a reversible hydro-power plant Velebit, Croatia which implements over 2 km long tunnel as the water pathway between the lake on the top of the hill and the hydroelectric power plant located at the river bank, at the foot of the hill. How many power generators, of which particular power could be placed along a 2 km long waterway, could not be such an easily and precisely estimated. The power of each single generator, placed along the pipe, depends on the water head, so it decreased up the stream, since the water head decreases as well. If we would use the existing generator at the foot of the hill, only as a water pump, we would get a lot of more power in total from installed new generators along the downstream. An extra energy implemented inside the system could be an water vortex energy, applied to every single turbine. The turbines could be of Francis type, because of high efficiency. While the total number of turbines is big, the additionally involved water vortex energy, thus gravitational energy, could be significant. To magnify the effect, the water vortex should be established vertically, following the natural water vortex direction which depends on Earth's hemisphere. Furthermore, there is a natural water inflow to the artificial lake, with the capacity of 12 m³/s which covers approximately the half of needed water mass. The whole energy converter system could be significantly improved if the additional water vortex energy would cover the rest of energy needed to supply the pump continuously.
The water tunnel of the reversible power plant Bajina Basta, Serbia is 8 km long. There is even more potential for electricity production on demand.
In addition there is the possibility to extend already extended system by using more closed loop water streams, near each other that use the same lake on the top of the hill. The total energy potential is virtually immeasurable. Indeed, we do not need any lake or river, but rather we could build the close loop system, without any accumulation of water, completely independent of available water resources.
The disadvantage of such a huge power systems remain in need for extending the high voltage power grid, which comprise in price of resold energy unit with about 40 % of a total unit price, thus could be avoided, in order to allow for collecting a huge funds. Of this reasons, decentralized power network would be more convenient then a centralized, which includes the high voltage power grid. Along with allocating of a huge energy consumption industry applications close to the power sources, implementing the decentralized power grid would represent the huge optimization of energetic system at all.
Imitating natural processes, we would be able to greatly improve the efficiency of the designed systems, regardless of which kind of system is about. In this way, also a man-made systems are going to match the earthly nature, thus the harmony with a whole universe. Hence the aim is to increase an efficiency of an projected systems, based on resonant force due to matching the harmony to the universe. Circulating water in closed loop upstream and downstream, we are going to get a simple gravitational energy converter, with very pronounced over unity effect, thus with efficiency factor of the whole system much higher then one.
This would represents one of many possibilities to replace the harmful energy generating systems, with an clean energy generating systems, which are not going to affect harmful the environmental balance on any way. Optimizing the energy winning systems would allow for collecting a huge funds, which would in turn allow for intelligent investment in order to avoid any collapse of industry, which have to be significantly reduced and during the time completely replaced.
Reversible Hydro Power Plants
Optimizing existing reversible power plants to significantly magnify the power
This is a draft of conceptual project of a huge potential and practical value, because of following benefits:
- inexpensive global energy transition through optimization of existing power plants
- abundance of clean energy
- high reliability and longevity of resulting systems
- step by step investment for implementing extension on need on existing reversible power plant
- producing an clean energy without harmful impact on ecological environmental balance
- huge improvement of efficiency of existing power plant
- improved overall efficiency
- lower price of energy production
- magnified amount of collected funds for the same price of energy unit
- shorten overall justifying of investment time
How to extend the existing reversible power plant in order to boost up the available energy to unpredictable value. The boost factor could amounts over 120 folds such as described in an example, but it could be much, much higher, in the matter of fact as high as needed.
Abstract
We could generate an electrical power as far as we need, optimizing already existing power plants which are suitable for optimization, which would consists of implementing the natural laws on each system which mismatches the harmony with nature. Nowadays, there are numerous of such a systems installed all over the world, which could and have to be optimized. Furthermore, it is our obligation, as conscious human beings, to return the lost balance to the nature, thus to our planet, home and Mother Earth. Therefore, some of existing systems which are capable to be justified in a short time, we could easily convert into high-efficiently systems, while the others are going to be replaced with much better systems in order to improve a harmony with an universe, and collect a huge funds simultaneously, based on reducing a waste as result of optimization.
Nowadays, widely used reversible hydroelectric power plants, use only one water way, along the need for changing a water stream direction on purpose, pumping water back to improve the water head during the time period of abundant of energy. When a water mass reduces, during a dry season, it would be possible for some short period of time to extend the production of energy due to accumulated water mass. Furthermore, the water stream mostly drives only one power generator, which is optionally also used as a water pump. This could be optimized involving additional environmental energy in system, to get sufficient generated energy, in order to establish a closed water cycling loop.
Optimizing existing reversible hydro-power plants
All existing reversible power plants could be in a very simple way, with a pretty small investment, converted into a very efficient power plants, upgrading the water stream loop back, in order to achieve closed loop of water streaming, using an separate water pump in order to provide a constant water circulation along of the both up and down streams. Along the lower part of downstream, the numerous of turbines could be installed in cascade, accordingly to a water head. All turbines in cascade, which are drained with the same water stream, are connected each on its own generator. These generators have not to be installed all at once, but rather the capacity of the power plant may be extended on need. If we would extend existing reversible power plant, implementing additional downstream using appropriate pipe, we just have to implement the outlets for turbines planned for future extensions.
Let us look at one existing example, as for instance a reversible hydro-power plant Velebit, Croatia which implements over 2 km long tunnel as the water pathway between the lake on the top of the hill and the hydroelectric power plant located at the river bank, at the foot of the hill. How many power generators, of which particular power could be placed along a 2 km long waterway, could not be such an easily and precisely estimated. The power of each single generator, placed along the pipe, depends on the water head, so it decreased up the stream, since the water head decreases as well. If we would use the existing generator at the foot of the hill, only as a water pump, we would get a lot of more power in total from installed new generators along the downstream. An extra energy implemented inside the system could be an water vortex energy, applied to every single turbine. The turbines could be of Francis type, because of high efficiency. While the total number of turbines is big, the additionally involved water vortex energy, thus gravitational energy, could be significant. To magnify the effect, the water vortex should be established vertically, following the natural water vortex direction which depends on Earth's hemisphere. Furthermore, there is a natural water inflow to the artificial lake, with the capacity of 12 m³/s which covers approximately the half of needed water mass. The whole energy converter system could be significantly improved if the additional water vortex energy would cover the rest of energy needed to supply the pump continuously.
The water tunnel of the reversible power plant Bajina Basta, Serbia is 8 km long. There is even more potential for electricity production on demand.
In addition there is the possibility to extend already extended system by using more closed loop water streams, near each other that use the same lake on the top of the hill. The total energy potential is virtually immeasurable. Indeed, we do not need any lake or river, but rather we could build the close loop system, without any accumulation of water, completely independent of available water resources.
The disadvantage of such a huge power systems remain in need for extending the high voltage power grid, which comprise in price of resold energy unit with about 40 % of a total unit price, thus could be avoided, in order to allow for collecting a huge funds. Of this reasons, decentralized power network would be more convenient then a centralized, which includes the high voltage power grid. Along with allocating of a huge energy consumption industry applications close to the power sources, implementing the decentralized power grid would represent the huge optimization of energetic system at all.
Imitating natural processes, we would be able to greatly improve the efficiency of the designed systems, regardless of which kind of system is about. In this way, also a man-made systems are going to match the earthly nature, thus the harmony with a whole universe. Hence the aim is to increase an efficiency of an projected systems, based on resonant force due to matching the harmony to the universe. Circulating water in closed loop upstream and downstream, we are going to get a simple gravitational energy converter, with very pronounced over unity effect, thus with efficiency factor of the whole system much higher then one.
This would represents one of many possibilities to replace the harmful energy generating systems, with an clean energy generating systems, which are not going to affect harmful the environmental balance on any way. Optimizing the energy winning systems would allow for collecting a huge funds, which would in turn allow for intelligent investment in order to avoid any collapse of industry, which have to be significantly reduced and during the time completely replaced.
Utilizing a water vortex
Utilizing a gravitational force and natural water vortex we would be capable to add additional energy to a system which is going to be converted in electrical energy. The water vortex along the direction of propagation is going to accelerate the water flow, magnifying a kinetic energy which is going to be stored within the rotating water mass along a pipe. The water which is flowing through the pipe could be accelerated if there would be the smoothly decreased cross sectional circumference of the pipe along the pipe, which inner wall has engraved spiral groove, es in case of using a nozzle. Such system could increase the efficiency of a system at least 30% accordingly to some applications of the nozzle within the river flow.
Further improvement of the system would involve the vertical implemented spiral shape pipe, along a long top down cup. The water pipe is going to be reshaped to mach the square based vortex, in a such a shape as tornado, having first circle of bigger diameter in order to allow for an initial torque, which in turn is going to allow for accelerating a water with decreasing the diameter of the vortex along the pipe. On this way, additional kinetic energy is going to be add into the gravitational energy converting system. The total of energy at output of the vertical pipe is a summary of gravitational energy, as a product of water mass, gravitational acceleration and a water head, and kinetic energy of the water mass which is a product of the half of water mass and square of water velocity at outlet of the pipe. The increasing of energy of the system is equivalent to increasing the water head. If the additional energy of the system is large enough to supply the water pump capable to elevate the water on the top of the system in needed quantity, it would allow for continuous circling the water mass up and down the hill, so the energy which remains in such a system corresponds to energy stored in simple water head, which could be converted into the electrical energy.
How the things work?
Since the goal of optimizations to improve the existing power generating systems using the standard components in order to get a simple reversible energy converting system, which is not emitting the CO2 and minimizing the environmental pollution, we are going to explain how the things could work. On this purpose, we are going to deduce the method step by step, to better understand the process, which could then help to implement it in some real case.
In this the most simplest mental experiment, we are going to divide the total available water head into two partitions, projecting the size of the lower partition to supply the standard water pump, in order to allow for continuous water cycling. The higher partition is going to drain the electrical power turbine-generator and to supply the power grid.
Indeed, if we would be capable to develop the system of water pipes which implements additional kinetic energy to the system at 50 %, we would need two thirds of the available water head to drain the turbine-generator which supplies the water pump with enough energy to cycling enough water mass to allow the system for continuous operation, then the one third of the water head we would be able to convert into electrical energy. In this case, we would get an electrical power system independent of water accumulation. This means, we could install such a system accordingly to available slope, independently on available water capacity.
If we would have a small capacity water spring available, this would be enough to initially fill a water into a power generators water pipes. Otherwise the needed water mass could be transported from elsewhere end filled into the water pipes.
Let us remember on dancers on the ice, how they are spinning on their axes. At first, they stretch their arms to enlarge the torque, then pulling their arms closer toward their body, their spinning speed increasing significantly. The number of turns of the body of the dancer is going to accelerate four folds each second. The additional kinetic energy could be count as half a mass fold square of velocity
Ek = m / 2 * v^2
To magnify additional kinetic energy of the system, we have to magnify the velocity of the water, keeping the water mass high enough in order to significantly improve the energy system. Concerning that we could establish continuously cycling the water, the potential energy of the water pipe is given as product of multiplication of water mass, gravity constant as 9.91 m/s² and water head of
Ep = m * g * h
Thus the total energy amount of the system is going to be counted as
E = Ek + Ep
To magnify velocity of the water at outlet of the water pipe, we should introduce the initial torque into the water pipe, then to provide the conditions for allowing the water to spin around the propagation direction along the pipe in order to speed it up the faster the better. The both arguments are contributing to the final result, the implemented mass of water, thus the water flow as well as velocity of the swirling water along the pipe.
In a common case without any water vortex, all potential energy would be translated into kinetic energy, as far as the water flux is going to be established. But if we intentionally improve the system so that the vortex in water flow is going to be established, additional kinetic energy is going to be stored within the water mass.
Discussion
Let us speculate a bit, because of absence of evidences and accurate information based on experience. If we would already have an improvement of energy implementing amplifier of water swirling at the river ground to nearly one third, implementing an vertical water pipe system reshaped on such a manner to magnify the water vortex, speeding up the water mass the faster the better, we would get more energy at output then 30 % like in the case of horizontal nozzle.
Using the high efficiency electrical motors, such as for instance IE2 motor type for driving a water pump, along with implementing a hydraulic water elevating system, it would be possible to additionally improve the efficiency of the whole system from 30 to 100 % or even more. This would turn the result, so we would have the energy output which corresponds to the water head enlargement to double or even more of total head available to generate the useful electrical energy.
The other way is using a Tesla turbine based water pump, which is very high efficiently as is, driven by Tesla turbine based motor supplied by compressed air in closed loop, which would lower an electrical energy consumption of the water pump, for the same mechanical power, resulting in enlarging of efficiency further more.
Independently if the system is going to be implemented in closed loop or if the water flow in appropriate rate is available, the suggested system could significantly improve the energy production. If the close looped system is going to be implemented, the matter of fact that the water accumulation is not needed make the system attractive for implementation in areas without natural water resources, or with water inflow of low capacity.
How the things work?
Since the goal of optimizations to improve the existing power generating systems using the standard components in order to get a simple reversible energy converting system, which is not emitting the CO2 and minimizing the environmental pollution, we are going to explain how the things could work. On this purpose, we are going to deduce the method step by step, to better understand the process, which could then help to implement it in some real case.
In this the most simplest mental experiment, we are going to divide the total available water head into two partitions, projecting the size of the lower partition to supply the standard water pump, in order to allow for continuous water cycling. The higher partition is going to drain the electrical power turbine-generator and to supply the power grid.
Indeed, if we would be capable to develop the system of water pipes which implements additional kinetic energy to the system at 50 %, we would need two thirds of the available water head to drain the turbine-generator which supplies the water pump with enough energy to cycling enough water mass to allow the system for continuous operation, then the one third of the water head we would be able to convert into electrical energy. In this case, we would get an electrical power system independent of water accumulation. This means, we could install such a system accordingly to available slope, independently on available water capacity.
If we would have a small capacity water spring available, this would be enough to initially fill a water into a power generators water pipes. Otherwise the needed water mass could be transported from elsewhere end filled into the water pipes.
Let us remember on dancers on the ice, how they are spinning on their axes. At first, they stretch their arms to enlarge the torque, then pulling their arms closer toward their body, their spinning speed increasing significantly. The number of turns of the body of the dancer is going to accelerate four folds each second. The additional kinetic energy could be count as half a mass fold square of velocity
Ek = m / 2 * v^2
To magnify additional kinetic energy of the system, we have to magnify the velocity of the water, keeping the water mass high enough in order to significantly improve the energy system. Concerning that we could establish continuously cycling the water, the potential energy of the water pipe is given as product of multiplication of water mass, gravity constant as 9.91 m/s² and water head of
Ep = m * g * h
Thus the total energy amount of the system is going to be counted as
E = Ek + Ep
To magnify velocity of the water at outlet of the water pipe, we should introduce the initial torque into the water pipe, then to provide the conditions for allowing the water to spin around the propagation direction along the pipe in order to speed it up the faster the better. The both arguments are contributing to the final result, the implemented mass of water, thus the water flow as well as velocity of the swirling water along the pipe.
In a common case without any water vortex, all potential energy would be translated into kinetic energy, as far as the water flux is going to be established. But if we intentionally improve the system so that the vortex in water flow is going to be established, additional kinetic energy is going to be stored within the water mass.
Discussion
Let us speculate a bit, because of absence of evidences and accurate information based on experience. If we would already have an improvement of energy implementing amplifier of water swirling at the river ground to nearly one third, implementing an vertical water pipe system reshaped on such a manner to magnify the water vortex, speeding up the water mass the faster the better, we would get more energy at output then 30 % like in the case of horizontal nozzle.
Using the high efficiency electrical motors, such as for instance IE2 motor type for driving a water pump, along with implementing a hydraulic water elevating system, it would be possible to additionally improve the efficiency of the whole system from 30 to 100 % or even more. This would turn the result, so we would have the energy output which corresponds to the water head enlargement to double or even more of total head available to generate the useful electrical energy.
The other way is using a Tesla turbine based water pump, which is very high efficiently as is, driven by Tesla turbine based motor supplied by compressed air in closed loop, which would lower an electrical energy consumption of the water pump, for the same mechanical power, resulting in enlarging of efficiency further more.
Independently if the system is going to be implemented in closed loop or if the water flow in appropriate rate is available, the suggested system could significantly improve the energy production. If the close looped system is going to be implemented, the matter of fact that the water accumulation is not needed make the system attractive for implementation in areas without natural water resources, or with water inflow of low capacity.
Using of standard components could make the system high reliable and investment self justified in relatively short time. An additional advantage is implementation of the same types and size of turbine-generators, which makes the system much more reliable and easier for maintenance. Furthermore, such a system could be extended accordingly to the natural circumstances, thus availability of appropriate slope, along which is going to be planned installation of the system. A bay-passing water pipes could be introduced to each turbine-generator in order to allow for successive maintenance, if many units were closed in cascade. Of this reasons larger number of generators should be implemented then a minimum necessary to establish the continuous water circulation in case of closed loop system.
Further optimization of the system would be reached using the simple template units which are not shearing the same water stream. The simplest unit consists of initial water pipe which could lay along the slope, the vertical water pipe optimally arranged in shape of spiral, an electrical turbine-generator and the water pump. In this case a water pump implemented could be of smaller power and size compared to the huge pump which has to be implemented in case of multiple subsystems arranged in cascade down the slope, along the same water stream.
Suggested system could be extended using the same slope or the hill, installing the numerous similar systems in parallel to each other, to reach the wished installed power of the power plant.
Using of standard components could make the system high reliable and investment self justified in relatively short time. An additional advantage is implementation of the same types and size of turbine-generators, which makes the system much more reliable and easier for maintenance. Furthermore, such a system could be extended accordingly to the natural circumstances, thus availability of appropriate slope, along which is going to be planned installation of the system. A bay-passing water pipes could be introduced to each turbine-generator in order to allow for successive maintenance, if many units were closed in cascade. Of this reasons larger number of generators should be implemented then a minimum necessary to establish the continuous water circulation in case of closed loop system.
Further optimization of the system would be reached using the simple template units which are not shearing the same water stream. The simplest unit consists of initial water pipe which could lay along the slope, the vertical water pipe optimally arranged in shape of spiral, an electrical turbine-generator and the water pump. In this case a water pump implemented could be of smaller power and size compared to the huge pump which has to be implemented in case of multiple subsystems arranged in cascade down the slope, along the same water stream.
Suggested system could be extended using the same slope or the hill, installing the numerous similar systems in parallel to each other, to reach the wished installed power of the power plant.
Example
Although it is not possible to exactly estimate the total power of the reversible power plant, we could estimate what it could be in case of some concrete fall, as for instance the reversible power plant Velebit in Croatia. The water head of 500 m is giving an average energy of 430 GWh/Year, which consists of different operation modes, such as power generation, compensation and accumulation, thus pump mode of work. The power plant is working in average 4,500 hours a year, thus half a year. Half of the time the power plant is working as power generator, one third of the time is working in compensation mode, and 20 % of time is working as water pump.
Implementing the suggesting system, we are going to use existing generators as water pump in continuous work, and to install numerous additional generators of the same size along the water pipelines. If we consider that we could get half a head, thus 250 m to generate the power for supplying the water pumps, to allow for perpetual water circulation, the power to be converted from water head is
P = h * r * Q * g * h
Concerning that the efficiency of generator is h = 0.9, that h = 1000 kg/m³ is specific density of water, Q is water flow which we could estimate to be Q = 2 x 20 m³/s as the full capacity of the turbine which works as an water pump, gravitational acceleration g = 9.81 m/s² and water head h = 250 m.
P = 0.9 * 1000 kg/m³ * 40 m³/s * 9.81 m/s² * 250 m
P = 88.29 MW
The energy at annual level is then
E = P * t = 88.29 MW * 24 h/day * 365 days/Year
E = 773.4 GWh/Year
We have not take in account the losses caused by slope which is insignificant compare to the results. The total useful energy is going to be approximately double at annual level, as actual annual energy amount. We should bear in mind that there is an average water inflow into the accumulation lake of 12 m³/s which could contribute to the total water flow downstream, thus it could amount
Q = 40 m³/s + 12 m³/s = 52 m³/s
which is 1.3 folds more then estimated value. Let us suppose that we are going to select the 20 m water head steps, which means we are going to build 500 m / 20 m = 25 power generators supplied with water pipeline divided in two parts. First part is a water pipe along the slope of 10 m head, while the second part consists of vertical spiral shaped pipeline of 10 m head, which outlet drains the turbine-generator. If our subsystem is going to results with double power compared to simple pipeline, through additional implemented kinetic energy by swirling a water inside a pipe along the water flow, we could drain the turbine-generator of the power which corresponds to the h1 = 40 m water head, thus
P1 = h * r * Q * g * h1
P1 = 0.9 * 1000 kg/m³ * 52 m³/s * 9.81 m/s² * 40 m
P1 = 18.4 MW
This would give the annual energy of
E1 = P1 * t = 18.4 MW * 24 h/day * 365 days/Year
E1 = 161.18 GWh/Year
The whole system of 25 subsystems installed along the 2 km slope is going to have an annual capacity of
E = 25 * E1 = 25 * 161.18 GWh/Year
E = 4 TWh/Year
The water pump is of 240 MW of power, thus it would need an annual energy of
Ep = 240 MW * 24 h/day * 365 days/Year
Ep = 2.1 TWh/Year
This means that generated electrical energy is
Eg = E – Ep = 4 TWh/Year – 2.1 TWh/Year
Eg = 1.9 TWh/Year
Further optimization of the system could be introduced by building a new power plant, implementing numerous water pumps of smaller power, one separate unite for each subsystem. In this case we could build the shorter closed loop system at 20 m altitude difference slope, with small closed water tank above the pipelines, with turbine-generator and water pump of appropriate power. In this particularly case we would need the water pump which has to elevate over 50 m³/s at 20 m, and to spend 9 MW electrical power. Such a short closed loop unite would generate 9 MW power.
We could build numerous systems on the slope down the hill under the lake. The water of the lake we could use to initially fill the pipes and water tank of each subsystem. The full energy potential of the system could not be estimated exactly.
Conclusion
Suggested system should be tested on a small scale before it could be implemented on the large scale, because of the leak of accurate information and experience. Therefore the results of analyzing above are in domain of speculation before it is going to be proved in practical life. The main argument against the suggesting system is also the product of speculation, which involves the law of conservation of energy which is real for the closed systems, on opened system such as we have in everyday life. Thus the main speculation is based on prejudges that the potential energy is going to be completely convert into the kinetic energy, accordingly to the theoretical discussions based on thermodynamic laws. The practical implementation and measurement results are therefore only arbitrary methods, implemented on carefully designed test system, with the goal to improve the current official accepted knowledge. In general, the whole theoretical knowledge has an limitations, accordingly to the interpolations, and approximation build within the model or during the logical line, which in summary resulting with the conclusions which are accurate only under certain conditions, thus representing the special case of one higher, more common case. Therefore, it is necessary to stop to blind implement the well known practices, but rather to start to be aware that most common methods of approximation the high complex non linear models with easier to count and manage linear models, could have immense consequences to our conclusions.
The suggesting system based on an fractal model of the universe, which is self-sustained, resonant, eternal oscillating system, which consists of numerous subsystems of the similar or same behaviors,
which are supported by the higher ordered subsystems with additional energy, sharing it on the similar way to the lower subsystems. Therefore, our actual and official knowledge which is with no dob applicable, is obviously limited. Of this reasons we have to prove much better, how we could optimize our existing systems, our organization and at least our knowledge, but not blindly keep and defend the existing limited common accepted knowledge, as a kind of tradition. It is of high importance to urgently stop limiting the development, as well as keeping obviously wrong traditions.
In our particularly energy conversion system, although the number of installed generators is large, the mater of fact that implemented generators are of exactly the same type and size would allow for high reliability and would make the maintenance of the whole system easier. The serial production of larger number of generators and pumps make their price per unite of energy lower then developing a unique generator on certain purpose as it is nowadays usual case. Furthermore, since the power of the single units is low, it would be possible to use existing standard generators, in order to lower the investment additionally.
Regardless if such a system is going to be introduced or not, the principal of system functioning is of high importance for the technology developers. Although the single components of the system are of lower efficiency, the complete system is of high efficiency, through introducing additional energy into the system and implementing a closed loop. We should bear in mind that we are inside of the ocean of energy. We are living on the surface of the globe, which Crust is one pole of electrical capacitor charged with high electrostatic voltage. But furthermore, this is not only electrical field, since there are also present alternating voltage vortexes, represents with turbulence in fluid insulator environment. This is about huge energy, related to the planet Earth, which is indeed of galactic origin, thus practically inexhaustible. Of this point of view, we are living in open energy system, but not in close energy system, as the scientific authorities have supposed until nowadays. Of this reasons, the construction of such an energy converters based on perpetual motions of the universe, and the harmony with the whole, are possible, real and welcome.
In this paper described example represents an implementation of the universal self-sustained model, which allows for fuel-less reversible energy production. There are many ways how to efficiently produce an electrical energy, based on described principal. Nowadays, implemented models to both energy production as well as all another processes, inclusively the society organization, are build above the blind hierarchy avalanche effect pyramidal model, which incorporate the collateral damages within, in form of waists. Optimization of such a processes is concentrate to minimize the damage, instead of to implement an appropriate feed-back into the system. Furthermore, the model is well known but unfortunately only particularly implemented. Exactly in this point is possible to widely implement the optimization of existing applications, in order to improve for reliability, stability and efficiency of wide range of processes and applications.
Vladimir Mikael
artlandscape.weebly.com
Berlin, October 2014
Further optimization of the system would be reached using the simple template units which are not shearing the same water stream. The simplest unit consists of initial water pipe which could lay along the slope, the vertical water pipe optimally arranged in shape of spiral, an electrical turbine-generator and the water pump. In this case a water pump implemented could be of smaller power and size compared to the huge pump which has to be implemented in case of multiple subsystems arranged in cascade down the slope, along the same water stream.
Suggested system could be extended using the same slope or the hill, installing the numerous similar systems in parallel to each other, to reach the wished installed power of the power plant.
Using of standard components could make the system high reliable and investment self justified in relatively short time. An additional advantage is implementation of the same types and size of turbine-generators, which makes the system much more reliable and easier for maintenance. Furthermore, such a system could be extended accordingly to the natural circumstances, thus availability of appropriate slope, along which is going to be planned installation of the system. A bay-passing water pipes could be introduced to each turbine-generator in order to allow for successive maintenance, if many units were closed in cascade. Of this reasons larger number of generators should be implemented then a minimum necessary to establish the continuous water circulation in case of closed loop system.
Further optimization of the system would be reached using the simple template units which are not shearing the same water stream. The simplest unit consists of initial water pipe which could lay along the slope, the vertical water pipe optimally arranged in shape of spiral, an electrical turbine-generator and the water pump. In this case a water pump implemented could be of smaller power and size compared to the huge pump which has to be implemented in case of multiple subsystems arranged in cascade down the slope, along the same water stream.
Suggested system could be extended using the same slope or the hill, installing the numerous similar systems in parallel to each other, to reach the wished installed power of the power plant.
Example
Although it is not possible to exactly estimate the total power of the reversible power plant, we could estimate what it could be in case of some concrete fall, as for instance the reversible power plant Velebit in Croatia. The water head of 500 m is giving an average energy of 430 GWh/Year, which consists of different operation modes, such as power generation, compensation and accumulation, thus pump mode of work. The power plant is working in average 4,500 hours a year, thus half a year. Half of the time the power plant is working as power generator, one third of the time is working in compensation mode, and 20 % of time is working as water pump.
Implementing the suggesting system, we are going to use existing generators as water pump in continuous work, and to install numerous additional generators of the same size along the water pipelines. If we consider that we could get half a head, thus 250 m to generate the power for supplying the water pumps, to allow for perpetual water circulation, the power to be converted from water head is
P = h * r * Q * g * h
Concerning that the efficiency of generator is h = 0.9, that h = 1000 kg/m³ is specific density of water, Q is water flow which we could estimate to be Q = 2 x 20 m³/s as the full capacity of the turbine which works as an water pump, gravitational acceleration g = 9.81 m/s² and water head h = 250 m.
P = 0.9 * 1000 kg/m³ * 40 m³/s * 9.81 m/s² * 250 m
P = 88.29 MW
The energy at annual level is then
E = P * t = 88.29 MW * 24 h/day * 365 days/Year
E = 773.4 GWh/Year
We have not take in account the losses caused by slope which is insignificant compare to the results. The total useful energy is going to be approximately double at annual level, as actual annual energy amount. We should bear in mind that there is an average water inflow into the accumulation lake of 12 m³/s which could contribute to the total water flow downstream, thus it could amount
Q = 40 m³/s + 12 m³/s = 52 m³/s
which is 1.3 folds more then estimated value. Let us suppose that we are going to select the 20 m water head steps, which means we are going to build 500 m / 20 m = 25 power generators supplied with water pipeline divided in two parts. First part is a water pipe along the slope of 10 m head, while the second part consists of vertical spiral shaped pipeline of 10 m head, which outlet drains the turbine-generator. If our subsystem is going to results with double power compared to simple pipeline, through additional implemented kinetic energy by swirling a water inside a pipe along the water flow, we could drain the turbine-generator of the power which corresponds to the h1 = 40 m water head, thus
P1 = h * r * Q * g * h1
P1 = 0.9 * 1000 kg/m³ * 52 m³/s * 9.81 m/s² * 40 m
P1 = 18.4 MW
This would give the annual energy of
E1 = P1 * t = 18.4 MW * 24 h/day * 365 days/Year
E1 = 161.18 GWh/Year
The whole system of 25 subsystems installed along the 2 km slope is going to have an annual capacity of
E = 25 * E1 = 25 * 161.18 GWh/Year
E = 4 TWh/Year
The water pump is of 240 MW of power, thus it would need an annual energy of
Ep = 240 MW * 24 h/day * 365 days/Year
Ep = 2.1 TWh/Year
This means that generated electrical energy is
Eg = E – Ep = 4 TWh/Year – 2.1 TWh/Year
Eg = 1.9 TWh/Year
Further optimization of the system could be introduced by building a new power plant, implementing numerous water pumps of smaller power, one separate unite for each subsystem. In this case we could build the shorter closed loop system at 20 m altitude difference slope, with small closed water tank above the pipelines, with turbine-generator and water pump of appropriate power. In this particularly case we would need the water pump which has to elevate over 50 m³/s at 20 m, and to spend 9 MW electrical power. Such a short closed loop unite would generate 9 MW power.
We could build numerous systems on the slope down the hill under the lake. The water of the lake we could use to initially fill the pipes and water tank of each subsystem. The full energy potential of the system could not be estimated exactly.
Conclusion
Suggested system should be tested on a small scale before it could be implemented on the large scale, because of the leak of accurate information and experience. Therefore the results of analyzing above are in domain of speculation before it is going to be proved in practical life. The main argument against the suggesting system is also the product of speculation, which involves the law of conservation of energy which is real for the closed systems, on opened system such as we have in everyday life. Thus the main speculation is based on prejudges that the potential energy is going to be completely convert into the kinetic energy, accordingly to the theoretical discussions based on thermodynamic laws. The practical implementation and measurement results are therefore only arbitrary methods, implemented on carefully designed test system, with the goal to improve the current official accepted knowledge. In general, the whole theoretical knowledge has an limitations, accordingly to the interpolations, and approximation build within the model or during the logical line, which in summary resulting with the conclusions which are accurate only under certain conditions, thus representing the special case of one higher, more common case. Therefore, it is necessary to stop to blind implement the well known practices, but rather to start to be aware that most common methods of approximation the high complex non linear models with easier to count and manage linear models, could have immense consequences to our conclusions.
The suggesting system based on an fractal model of the universe, which is self-sustained, resonant, eternal oscillating system, which consists of numerous subsystems of the similar or same behaviors,
which are supported by the higher ordered subsystems with additional energy, sharing it on the similar way to the lower subsystems. Therefore, our actual and official knowledge which is with no dob applicable, is obviously limited. Of this reasons we have to prove much better, how we could optimize our existing systems, our organization and at least our knowledge, but not blindly keep and defend the existing limited common accepted knowledge, as a kind of tradition. It is of high importance to urgently stop limiting the development, as well as keeping obviously wrong traditions.
In our particularly energy conversion system, although the number of installed generators is large, the mater of fact that implemented generators are of exactly the same type and size would allow for high reliability and would make the maintenance of the whole system easier. The serial production of larger number of generators and pumps make their price per unite of energy lower then developing a unique generator on certain purpose as it is nowadays usual case. Furthermore, since the power of the single units is low, it would be possible to use existing standard generators, in order to lower the investment additionally.
Regardless if such a system is going to be introduced or not, the principal of system functioning is of high importance for the technology developers. Although the single components of the system are of lower efficiency, the complete system is of high efficiency, through introducing additional energy into the system and implementing a closed loop. We should bear in mind that we are inside of the ocean of energy. We are living on the surface of the globe, which Crust is one pole of electrical capacitor charged with high electrostatic voltage. But furthermore, this is not only electrical field, since there are also present alternating voltage vortexes, represents with turbulence in fluid insulator environment. This is about huge energy, related to the planet Earth, which is indeed of galactic origin, thus practically inexhaustible. Of this point of view, we are living in open energy system, but not in close energy system, as the scientific authorities have supposed until nowadays. Of this reasons, the construction of such an energy converters based on perpetual motions of the universe, and the harmony with the whole, are possible, real and welcome.
In this paper described example represents an implementation of the universal self-sustained model, which allows for fuel-less reversible energy production. There are many ways how to efficiently produce an electrical energy, based on described principal. Nowadays, implemented models to both energy production as well as all another processes, inclusively the society organization, are build above the blind hierarchy avalanche effect pyramidal model, which incorporate the collateral damages within, in form of waists. Optimization of such a processes is concentrate to minimize the damage, instead of to implement an appropriate feed-back into the system. Furthermore, the model is well known but unfortunately only particularly implemented. Exactly in this point is possible to widely implement the optimization of existing applications, in order to improve for reliability, stability and efficiency of wide range of processes and applications.
Vladimir Mikael
artlandscape.weebly.com
Berlin, October 2014
Universal Fractal Model - The Harmony of Universe
Vladimir Mikael, 2015
Fractal geometry structure, fascinating in its simplicity, complexity and beauty, is present everywhere in universe. Even though the background seemingly to be chaotic, in more precisely observing results in structures of highest order. The book contains, simple to understand, popular explained universal fractal model, the universal energy frame, the foundation of universe, in which matches literally everything, regardless how big or small, just everything capable to matches the harmony of love.
Feel free to purchase an eBook in kindle format NOW for $2.99 or 2,99 € at Amazon
Vladimir Mikael, 2015
Fractal geometry structure, fascinating in its simplicity, complexity and beauty, is present everywhere in universe. Even though the background seemingly to be chaotic, in more precisely observing results in structures of highest order. The book contains, simple to understand, popular explained universal fractal model, the universal energy frame, the foundation of universe, in which matches literally everything, regardless how big or small, just everything capable to matches the harmony of love.
Feel free to purchase an eBook in kindle format NOW for $2.99 or 2,99 € at Amazon